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The Solun affair (Солунска афера) was one of the largest crackdowns faced by the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) in the early 20th century. It began in January 1901, when Ottoman authorities arrested key IMRO members in Thessaloniki (Solun), suspecting a major revolutionary conspiracy.
The affair led to widespread arrests and interrogations, severely disrupting IMRO’s operations in the Solun Vilayet. Many activists were forced into exile
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The Valandovo affair was one of the largest crackdowns faced by the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) in the late 19th century. It began on December 7, 1899, when Ivan Karasulijata and his IMRO unit entered Valandovo intending to rob a wealthy Greek individual. However, they were discovered, leading to a gunfight with Ottoman gendarmes, in which two officers were killed. The IMRO unit escaped without losses, but the incident triggered a massive
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Albert Sonnichsen (5 May 1878 — 15 August 1931) was an American journalist, author, and adventurer. Born in San Francisco, California, he led a life full of remarkable experiences. As a young man, he traveled around the world and participated in significant historical events. He served as an American soldier during the Spanish-American War and was captured and held in captivity for over ten months in the Philippines.
Sonnichsen later traveled to the Balkans and joined the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) in their struggle against the Greeks and the Turks. He wrote several books, including "Ten Months a Captive Among Filipinos" (1901), "Deep Sea Vagabonds" (1903), and "Confessions of a